Interpersonal and communication skills encompass the verbal, nonverbal, written, and electronic exchange of information. Physician assistants must demonstrate interpersonal and communication skills that result in effective information exchange with patients, patients’ families, physicians, professional associates, and other individuals within the health care system. Physician assistants are expected to: 

• create and sustain a therapeutic and ethically sound relationship with patients 

• use effective communication skills to elicit and provide information

• adapt communication style and messages to the context of the interaction

• work effectively with physicians and other health care professionals as a member or leader of a health care team or other professional group

• demonstrate emotional resilience and stability, adaptability, flexibility, and tolerance of ambiguity and anxiety

• accurately and adequately document information regarding care for medical, legal, quality, and financial purposes 

Patient care includes patient- and setting-specific assessment, evaluation, and management. Physician assistants must demonstrate care that is effective, safe, high quality, and equitable. Physician assistants are expected to:

• work effectively with physicians and other health care professionals to provide patient- centered care

• demonstrate compassionate and respectful behaviors when interacting with patients and their families

• obtain essential and accurate information about their patients

• make decisions about diagnostic and therapeutic interventions based on patient information and preferences, current scientific evidence, and informed clinical judgment

• develop and implement patient management plans

• counsel and educate patients and their families

• perform medical and surgical procedures essential to their area of practice

• provide health care services and education aimed at disease prevention and health maintenance

• use information technology to support patient care decisions and patient education 

Professionalism is the expression of positive values and ideals as care is delivered. Foremost, it involves prioritizing the interests of those being served above one’s own. Physician assistants must acknowledge their professional and personal limitations. Professionalism also requires that PAs practice without impairment from substance abuse, cognitive deficiency or mental illness. Physician assistants must demonstrate a high level of responsibility, ethical practice, sensitivity to a diverse patient population, and adherence to legal and regulatory requirements. Physician assistants are expected to demonstrate:

• understanding of legal and regulatory requirements, as well as the appropriate role of the physician assistant

• professional relationships with physician supervisors and other health care providers

• respect, compassion, and integrity

• accountability to patients, society, and the profession

• commitment to excellence and on-going professional development

• commitment to ethical principles pertaining to provision or withholding of clinical care, confidentiality of patient information, informed consent, and business practices

• sensitivity and responsiveness to patients’ culture, age, gender, and abilities

• self-reflection, critical curiosity, and initiative

• healthy behaviors and life balance

• commitment to the education of students and other health care professionals 

Practice-based learning and improvement includes the processes through which physician assistants engage in critical analysis of their own practice experience, the medical literature, and other information resources for the purposes of self- and practice-improvement. Physician assistants must be able to assess, evaluate, and improve their patient care practices. Physician assistants are expected to:

• analyze practice experience and perform practice-based improvement activities using a systematic methodology in concert with other members of the health care delivery team

• locate, appraise, and integrate evidence from scientific studies related to their patients’ health

• apply knowledge of study designs and statistical methods to the appraisal of clinical literature and other information on diagnostic and therapeutic effectiveness

• utilize information technology to manage information, access medical information, and support their own education

• recognize and appropriately address personal biases, gaps in medical knowledge, and physical limitations in themselves and others 

Systems-based practice encompasses the societal, organizational, and economic environments in which health care is delivered. Physician assistants must demonstrate an awareness of and responsiveness to the larger system of health care to provide patient care that balances quality and cost, while maintaining the primacy of the individual patient. PAs should work to improve the health care system of which their practices are a part. Physician assistants are expected to:

• effectively interact with different types of medical practice and delivery systems

• understand the funding sources and payment systems that provide coverage for patient care and use the systems effectively

• practice cost-effective health care and resource allocation that does not compromise quality of care

• advocate for quality patient care and assist patients in dealing with system complexities

• partner with supervising physicians, health care managers, and other health care providers to assess, coordinate, and improve the delivery and effectiveness of health care and patient outcomes

• accept responsibility for promoting a safe environment for patient care and recognizing and correcting systems-based factors that negatively impact patient care

• apply medical information and clinical data systems to provide effective, efficient patient care

• recognize and appropriately address system biases that contribute to health care disparities

• apply the concepts of population health to patient care 

K1 Demonstrate the medical, behavioral, and social knowledge necessary to evaluate and manage patients across all ages and acuity of care levels. 

IS1.       Elicit an accurate medical history.

IS2        Deliver accurate patient education that encompasses verbal, non-verbal and written forms of information to patients and their care team to promote disease prevention/management and health awareness.

IS3.       Communicate the findings of a clinical encounter in written and oral forms to all members of the health care team.

• CRPS1.     Formulate a differential diagnosis following a clinical encounter.

• CRPS2.     Order and interpret appropriate diagnostic studies to assist in the evaluation and treatment of the patient.

• CRPS3.     Develop and implement an appropriate therapeutic management plan based on the patient’s medical history, physical exam, and diagnostic study findings.

• CRPS4.     Make informed, evidence-based medical decisions about the care of patients consistent with up-to-date scientific evidence, patient preferences, and sound clinical judgment.

• CTS1.     Perform a detailed physical exam relevant to the medical history and consistent with the patient’s age and acuity of care.

• CTS2.     Obtain informed consent and perform clinical procedures to include: mental status exam, IV access, simple suturing,  wound management, strep screening, urinalysis, sterile technique, and performing pelvic exams.

PROF1.  Demonstrate professional behaviors consistent with the Xavier University of Louisiana PA program professionalism expectations in all interactions with the patient, family/caregiver and other members of the health care team.